Title: The role of the atmosphere in the provision of ecosystem services
Authors: Ellen J. Cooter, Anne Rea, Randy Bruins, Donna Schwede, Robin Dennis
Abstract: Solving the environmental problems that we are facing today requires holistic approaches to analysis and decision making that include social and economic aspects. The concept of ecosystem services, defined as the benefits people obtain from ecosystems, is one potential tool to perform such assessments. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the need for an integrated approach that explicitly includes the contribution of atmospheric processes and functions to the quantification of air–ecosystem services. First, final and intermediate air–ecosystem services are defined. Next, an ecological production function for clean and clear air is described, and its numerical counterpart (the Community Multiscale Air Quality model) is introduced. An illustrative numerical example is developed that simulates potential changes in air–ecosystem services associated with the conversion of evergreen forest land in Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia to commercial crop land. This one-atmosphere approach captures a broad range of service increases and decreases. Results for the forest to cropland conversion scenario suggest that although such change could lead to increased biomass (food) production services, there could also be coincident, seasonally variable decreases in clean and clear air–ecosystem services (i.e., increased levels of ozone and particulate matter) associated with increased fertilizer application. Metrics that support the quantification of these regional air–ecosystem changes require regional ecosystem production functions that fully integrate biotic as well as abiotic components of terrestrial ecosystems, and do so on finer temporal scales than are used for the assessment of most ecosystem services.
Publish Year: 2013
Published in: Science of The Total Environment - Science Direct
Title: Construction of fuzzy ontologies from fuzzy XML models
Authors: Fu Zhang, Z.M. Ma, Li Yan
Abstract: The success and proliferation of the Semantic Web depends heavily on construction of Web ontologies. However, classical ontology construction approaches are not sufficient for handling imprecise and uncertain information that is commonly found in many application domains. Therefore, great efforts on construction of fuzzy ontologies have been made in recent years. In particular, XML is imposing itself as a standard for representing and exchanging information on the Web, topics related to the modeling of fuzzy data have become very interesting in the XML data context. Therefore, constructing fuzzy ontologies from fuzzy XML data resources may make the existing fuzzy XML data upgrade to Semantic Web contents, and the constructed fuzzy ontologies may be useful for improving some fuzzy XML applications.This paper proposes a formal approach and an automated tool for constructing fuzzy ontologies from fuzzy XML data resources. Firstly, we propose a formal definition of fuzzy XML models (including the document structure fuzzy DTDs and the document content fuzzy XML documents). On this basis, we propose a formal approach for constructing fuzzy ontologies from fuzzy XML models, i.e., transforming a fuzzy XML model (including fuzzy DTD and fuzzy XML document) into a fuzzy ontology. Also, we give the proof of correctness of the construction approach, and provide a detailed construction example. Furthermore, we implement a prototype tool called FXML2FOnto, which can automatically construct fuzzy ontologies from fuzzy XML models. Finally, in order to show that the constructed fuzzy ontologies may be useful for improving some fuzzy XML applications, we focus on investigating how to reason on fuzzy XML models (e.g., conformance, inclusion, and equivalence) based on the constructed fuzzy ontologies, and it turns out that the reasoning tasks of fuzzy XML models can be checked by means of the reasoning mechanism of fuzzy ontologies.
Publish Year: 2013
Published in: Knowledge-Based Systems - Science Direct
Abstract: The Belief Rule Base (BRB) is an expert system which can handle both qualitative and quantitative information. One of the applications of the BRB is the Rule-base Inference Methodology using the Evidential Reasoning approach (RIMER). Using the BRB, RIMER can handle different types of information under uncertainty. However, there is a combinatorial explosion problem when there are too many attributes and/or too many alternatives for each attribute in the BRB. Most current approaches are designed to reduce the number of the alternatives for each attribute, where the rules are derived from physical systems and redundant in numbers. However, these approaches are not applicable when the rules are given by experts and the BRB should not be oversized. A structure learning approach is proposed using Grey Target (GT), Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), Isomap and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) respectively, named as GT–RIMER, MDS–RIMER, Isomap–RIMER and PCA–RIMER. A case is studied to evaluate the overall capability of an Armored System of Systems. The efficiency of the proposed approach is validated by the case study results: the BRB is downsized using any of the four techniques, and PCA–RIMER has shown excellent performance. Furthermore, the robustness of PCA–RIMER is further verified under different conditions with varied number of attributes.
Publish Year: 2013
Published in: Knowledge-Based Systems - Science Direct
Title: Electromagnetic Interference with RFID Readers in Hospitals
Authors: Yue Ying, Dirk Fischer, Uvo Hlscher
Abstract: Radio frequency identification (RFID) applications have become popular in many areas. RFID uses wireless technology to transmit information stored within a RFID-tag to a RFID-reader. Passive RFID-tags are powered through the received signal from the reader. Therefore the reader has to transmit its request with a certain power to bridge the gap between reader and tag. In contrast to bar-code technology this technique allows communication without requiring a line of sight. The RFID-technology is beginning to be introduced in medical environment, e.g. for patient tracking, staff location, inventory management etc. Implementation of this technology in medical environment has to guarantee the patients_ safety. However the electromagnetic field generated by the RFID-readers may interfere with medical devices. This study evaluates the electromagnetic interference of RFID-readers with medical devices, discusses the results with respect to the safety standards and proposes a process to manage the risks associated with RFID-technology in medical environment.
Title: Engineering Mathematics: The Odd Order Theorem Proof
Authors: Georges Gonthier
Abstract: Even with the assistance of computer tools, the formalized description and verification of research-level mathematics remains a daunting task, not least because of the talent with which mathematicians combine diverse theories to achieve their ends. By combining tools and techniques from type theory, language design, and software engineering we have managed to capture enough of these practices to formalize the proof of the Odd Order theorem, a landmark result in Group Theory.
Abstract: This paper presents VLSI implementation of adaptive noise canceller based on least mean square algorithm. First, the adaptive parameters are obtained by simulating noise canceller on MATLAB. Simulink model of adaptive noise canceller was developed and the noise is suppressed to a much larger extent in recovering the original signal. The data such as input and output signals, desired signal, step size factor and coefficients of adaptive filter was processed by FPGA. Finally, the functions of field programmable gate array -based system structure for adaptive noise canceller based on LMS algorithm are synthesized, simulated, and implemented on XilinxXC3s200 field programmable gate array using Xilinx ISE tool. The research results show that it is feasible to implement and use adaptive least mean square filter based adaptive noise canceller design which consumed a low power of 0.156W at29.1° C in a single field programmable gate array chip.
Title: Information Fusion and Discounting Techniques for Decision Support in Aerospace
Authors: Fiona Browne , Yan Jin , Niall Rooney Hui Wang
Abstract: Decision makers are required to make critical decisions throughout all stages of a life-cycle in large-scale projects. These decisions are important as they impact upon the outcome and the success of projects. In this paper we present an evidential reasoning framework to aid decision-makers in the decision - making process. This approach utilizes the Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSm) to fuse heterogeneous evidence sources that suffer from levels of uncertainty, imprecision and conflicts to provide beliefs for decision options. To analyze the impact that source reliability and priority has upon the decision making process a reliability discounting technique along with a priority discounting technique are applied. Application of the evidential reasoning framework is illustrated using a Case Study based in the Aerospace domain.
Title: Aero-Optical Effects In Free-Space Laser Communications
Authors: Stanislav Gordeyev, Eric Jumper
Abstract: When a laser beam is transmitted from an airborne platform, it must first pass through a relatively thin region of the turbulent flow in the immediate vicinity of the airplane. Unsteady density variations present in the turbulent flow will imprint spatial/temporal variations on the otherwise planar outgoing wavefronts. These variations in wavefronts will force the beam to move, change its shape and even break into several spots on a distant target. These aero-optical effects [1,2], even in the absence of any atmospheric optical distortions, might significantly degrade a performance of any free-space, laser-based airborne systems at subsonic, transonic or supersonic speeds.
Title: A Cognitive Link Adaptation Strategy with Differentiated Responses on Wi-Fi System-on-Chip
Authors: Taeyoung Lee, Myounghwan Lee, Jaeeun Kang, Kyungik Cho, ChilYoul Hacky Yang, and Scott Seongwook Lee
Abstract: The dynamic change of wireless channel condition causes poor Wi-Fi quality of service. To cope with the channel variation of wireless communication, the essential strategy for the physical layer with multi-rate capability is the link adaptation. However, because definite guidelines for rate changes do not exist, most link adaptation algorithms can misleadingly increase transmission rates. Therefore, we propose a cognitive link adaptation scheme, sensing link adaptation urgency and responding with differentiated rate control such as the long-term rate adaptation with a short-term rate drop. To evaluate the proposed scheme, we implement the link adaptation scheme on Wi-Fi System-on-Chip, applying the optimal HW/SW partitioning technique to reduce the SW processing delay from heavy operating calculation for the algorithm. The experiment shows that the proposed algorithm increases the packet arrival rate in a real Wi-Fi environment by reducing transmission failure due to wrong rate changes.
Title: The alpha parallelogram predictor: A lossless compression method for motion capture data
Authors: Pengjie Wang , Zhigeng Pan d,a , Mingmin Zhang a, , Rynson WH Lau c , Haiyu Song
Abstract: Motion capture data in an uncompressed form can be expensive to store, and slow to load and transmit. Current compression methods for motion capture data are primarily lossy and cause distortions in the motion data. In this paper, we present a lossless compression algorithm for motion capture data. First, we propose a novel Alpha Parallelogram Predictor (APP) to estimate the DOF (degree of freedom) of each child joint from those of its immediate neighbors and parents that have already been processed. The prediction parameter of the predictor, which is referred to as the alpha parameter, is adaptively chosen from a care- fully designed lookup table. Second, we divide the predicted and actual values into three components: sign, exponent and mantissa. We then compress their corrections separately with context-based arithmetic coding. Compared with other lossless compression methods, our approach can achieve a higher compression ratio with a comparable compression time. It can be used in situations where lossy compression is not preferred.
Publish Year: 2013
Published in: Information Sciences - Science Direct
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